What is distance elements?
Distance elements are used in line protection schemes for their definite reach. … A definite reach is highly desired in distance elements. In general, protective relaying elements are implemented by comparing thresholds to measured and/or combined power system quantities.
What are zones of distance protection?
Zone 1 is primary protection, hence instantaneous operation • Zone 2 is a overreach zone and hence needs to be delayed. ▫ If errors involved is less, then Zone 2 can trigger for Zone 1 fault of adjacent line. Hence Zone 2 is to be coordinated with Zone 1.
What is meant by 3 zone protection?
Zone 3: It is intended to give Full Backup to the Adjoning Line Section. Zone III is primarily intended to provide Backup against External Uncleared Faults and Hence set to cover the Longest Adjoining Line. It covers Full Protected Line Length and Full Adjacent line plus the Safty Margin of 20 %.
What are the advantages of distance protection?
Selective and dependable tripping for line faults without the need for a pilot channel, as well as simple time coordination of distance relays across the system, are great advantages of distance protection.
What is a protection scheme?
The objective of a protection scheme is to keep the power system stable by isolating only the components that are under fault, whilst leaving as much of the network as possible still in operation. … The devices that are used to protect the power systems from faults are called protection devices.
Which relay is used for distance protection?
A distance relay is a type of protection relay most often used for transmission line protection. Distance relays measure the impedance from the installation side to the fault location and operates in response to changes in the ratio of measured current and voltage.
What is load blinder?
To prevent cascading outages, load blinders or load encroachment elements are generally used to block the distance relay when there is heavy load in the system. … This paper presents a novel load blinder scheme for distance protection by using artificial neural network (ANN).